Riveting tool and method of riveting



-Aug. l', 1944. M. GoLDsTElN V 2,354,914

RIVETING TOOL AND METHOD OF RIVETING Filed Jan. so. 1942 Il VIII,

Patented Aug. 1, 1944 UNITED STATES-*PATENT OFFICE myE'rG Toon ANDMETHOD or -RIVETING MaxlGoldstein, New VYork, N. Y. Application January30, 1942, seriaiNa 428,969-

17 Claims.` (Cl. 7S-53.5)

i My invention relates to a riveting tool, andfa method of riveting.

In the art of riveting as now practicedv either of two procedures arefollowed: the first being to insert a manufactured rivet, consisting ofa shank with a head at one end only thereof, into a proper opening inany overlapped or superimposed material such as metal sheets andtheflike and applying a `rivet gun or equivalent means to the end oftheshank opposite said head While supporting the headed end and therebyvupset or otherwise deform the said shank-end and forming ya headthereat. The second procedure has quite recently been practiced,Iparticularly in the, aircraft industry, and consists in inserting theaforesaid rivet in `an opening in any overlapped or superimposedmaterial such as metal plates, sheets or the like and then applying arivet gun to the head ofy the rivet and placing a bucking bar, socalled, against thenend of the rivet shank, starting operation of therivet gun, and thereby effect an .upsettingor deformation of the shankend of the rivet to form a head thereon. This"bucking bar is a solidmetallic bar or block that is held against the shank end of the rivet bya mechanic and in use is often dislodged or slips from the shank of therivet being bucked due to the intensity ofthe' impact of the rivet gunand results in adefective .bucked head yon the shank end thereof, randf" this dislodgment orrslipping of the bucking bar tends also to causeslipping of the rivet gun from the headed end ofthe rivet and defacementVor ruin ofthe metal or-the like that is being riveted. It is clear fromthe foregoing that the known procedures of riveting necessarily involveacertain amount of guess work and depend upon the capability and skill ofthe mechanic, toleffect a proper lrivet joint. However, no `matter howskilled the mechanic in the art of riveting, the riveting job resultedin a more orless hit or miss proposition, in that the formedheads of therivets are non-'uniform in size and are of differentheights which, ofcourse, isfvery-undesirable and totally unsatisfactory in numerousinstances. Irl-present day umass-production yof* aircraft, tanks andvarious other implements-rand,l devices, andwhere there is involved anall-zout in production for speed, accuracy, and time being oftheessence, my riveting tool, which is a tool to form a head on a rivet,.and also mymethod of riveting fits perfectly into the picture as awhole and admirably serves a useful purpose that is urgently needed now.By practicing the art of riveting, using my riveting tool and method.,al1

of the aforesaid disadvantages, vguess-workand unsatisfactory rivetjoints are overcome Aand,preV duction is speeded up materially and theresulting job of riveting is one where all for-med heads of the rivetsare of uniform size and of .the'desired and specied height. vThen too,`my riveting tcolvisstructurally sound and simple as well as beinginexpensive to manufacture. I-nausing my riveting tool for formingaheadon a rivet and practicingv my riveting, methody it is .notnecessary that a skilled mechanic be employed, for therivetingisaccomplished automatically,.lso to speak, as regardsV all of`therivets formedbeing of uniform size and of the desired.height,. di-

ameter, etc. j v, The general object of myinvention-is to provide ariveting tool that is portable .and adapted. to form heads all ofuniform` size, shape and height on thershanks of individual rivets`.'Anotherobject of my invention is to provide a riveting tool that isportable. and adapted to be heldin thehand of the user to form heads ofuniform size, shape and height on the shank ends of individualmanufactured rivets, each al,- ready having a headk at the opposite endthereof. Another object of my invention is to provide a riveting toolthat is spring-loaded, portable, and adapted to` Vform heads of uniformsize, shape and height onthe shank ends of rivets.

Another object of my invention is to provide a riveting tool that isspring-loaded, portable,` and adapted, to be heldin lthe hand of theuser to simultaneously form a head of uniform size, shape and heightenone or more shank ends of manufactured rivets already having heads atthe opposite ends thereof. Y

` A further object of ,my invention is to provide a riveting tool thatis of utmost safety inv use; inexpensive to manufacture, and automaticin use as regards resulting in, uniformity. of size, shape and height,of the rivet heads that are formed.

One object of the invention as regards my method of riveting. is to forma'rveted, joint yat the overlapped ends vof metallic sheets. or thelike, or superimposed metallic sheets or thelike, whereby all of theheads formed on the rivets are uniform as to shape, size and height.

A further objectvof my method of riveting resides in forming the heads.on a plurality -of rivets simu1taneously and each of saidV heads beingof uniform size, shape and height;

A still further object fof my method ofriveting resides in theformationy of a head of predeter'V mined size, shape and height on theshank ends suitable screws I secure the closure 9 to the casing andclosure anchoring means IU by passing through the openings I4 in theclosure and Figure 1 is an elevational view of a preferred embodiment ofmy riveting tool.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view takenV on the lines 2-2 ofFigure 1. c

Figure 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view ,y taken on the lines 3 3of Figure 2, looking in Y the direction ofthe arrows.

Figure 4 is an exploded perspective showing all of the elements of myriveting tool as embodied in Figures 1-3. v y

Figures 5 and 6 are slight modifications of my invention shown inFigures 1-4.

Figure 7 is an elevational view showing a further embodiment of myinvention, and

Figure 8 isla. vertical cross-sectional view taken on the lines 8-8 ofFigure '7.

Referring to the drawing in detail, and particularly Figures 1 to 4inclusive, my riveting tool consists of a hollow casing I, here shown asbeing substantiallyy square in cross-section and of a size to permit thesame Yto be conveniently and firmly grasped inthe hand of the user. Thiscasing may be suitably knurled or otherwise formed or roughened as Vat2` to prevent the tool from slipping from the grasp of the user. Ananvil, or hammer 3 preferably of solid, hard metal and ,relativelyheavy, acting somewhat as a piston ina cylinder, which anvil is alsosubstantially square in cross-section and complemental in shape to theinterior of said casing, is positioned within the casing. The anvil 3 iscapable of limited reciprocating or sliding movement in said casing, aswill be presently explained. The anvil has integral therewith at itsinner-end 3', a centrally disposed boss 3, of reduced dimensions and theouter end 4 thereof is perfectly flat and constitutes the striking facefor engaging a rivet to form a rivet head 5 or heads to be presentlyexplained. The inner end 3 of the anvil,

it will be noted, terminates below the end I of the casing and therebyprovides a space or compartment '6 for the coiled compression spring 1,one end of which engages the boss 3" on the anvil and the other end ofwhich engages a boss 8 preferably integral with a closure plate 9, andthe two said bosses being in spaced alignment.

The closure 9 is anchored or secured to the casing by means of asubstantially square casing reinforcing insert which may be weldedinteriorly of the casing adjacent end I thereof as indicated at II, butit is to be understood that other desirable means may be utilized tosecure the said insert Within the casing. This anchoring means I0 forthe closure 9 is provided with `a centrally disposed opening I0' intowhich the boss of the closure projects, see Figure 2, the said boss 8being of alesser diameter than the opening III', thereby affording acircular space I2 for the upper coils of spring 1. The closure anchoringmeans I0 is provided adjacent each of its four corners withscrew-threaded openings or sockets I 3 which register with complementa]openings I4 adjacent each of the four corners of the closure 9, and

being driven home in the threaded openings I3. It will be seen that whensaid screws I5 are tightly screwed into the threaded openings I3, seeFigure 2, the coiled spring 'I will be compressed somewhat, and will bemaintained in working relationship with said anvil, and that uponloosening said screws, more or less, an adjustment of the said spring isobtained.

In order to provide for the limited or restricted sliding orreciprocating movement of the anvil 3 I provide suitable meansdesignated as a whole at I6, which means serves a dual function in thatit not only limits or restricts the outward movement of the anvil 3, butalso provides an adjustment which determines the size, shape andheightof the upsetting or forming of the head 5 at theshank end of themanufactured rivet which already has formed thereon at one end the usualhead 5. This said anvil adjustment and anvil movement limiting meansconsists of an interiorly threaded nut, boss or the like I1 which may bewelded to the casing I, adjacent an opening I8 therein, or which may beformed integral with the casing; an interiorly threaded lock-nut `I9; anexteriorly threaded set-screw 20 having a reduced end 20'; a removableand replaceable bushing 2I having an opening 2|' therein to accommodate'therein the end 20' of the set-screw and a rectangular recess or groove22 in one face of the anvil 3, the end walls 22 of the recess serving as4anY abutment for the bushing 2I in its movement within the casing.

The'anvil adjustment and movement limiting means when assembled as shownin Figure 2 operates to limit the outward movement of the anvil 3, sothat consequently the heads 5 of the rivets will all be formed uniformas to shape, size and height. .'By using bushings 2I of different sizesand diameters rivet heads 5 of different shape, size and height can beformed. In other words, the bushing 2| of a given diameter can bereplaced by a bushing of a different size and diameter and consequentlythe head 5 of the rivet will be of a slightly different shape, size andheight.

In the modification of my invention shown in Fig/ure 5 I have shown thereduced end 20 of set-screw 20 eccentrically disposed and havingthefbushing 2| mounted thereon, thus obviating the necessity ofsubstituting bushings 2| of different sizes and diameters. It will beseen that by turning the set-screw 20, in Figure 5, the eccentricallydisposed end 2U thereof with the bushing 2I thereon will permit of awide range of adjustment, as regards limiting the amount of outwardmovement of anvil 3, and consequently effect different shapes and sizesand heights of the rivet heads 5.

In Figure 6 I have shown a modification of my casing I wherein 4the endI thereof is flanged inwardlyV as'at 23, the flanges 23 each havingthreaded openings 24 therein to receive the screws I5 to secure theclosure 9 in place and thus obviate the necessity of using the saidinsert I0 for this purpose.A It is of course understood that theopenings in closure 9, when said closure is used in connection with saidflanges 23, will be disposed intermediate the four end edges thereof soas to be in registry with openings 24 in said flanges rather than asshown adjacent each corner thereof.

In the embodiment of my invention as shown in Figures '7 and 8, Imyriveting toolfczonsists` of only 4 parts, namely-casing' 30, closurecap-3l therefonanvil 32 and coiled compression spring 33. Thecasing 30here-`shownis cylindrical and Vis exteriorly lscrew-threaded atits-flipper; end

portion 34 to receive thereon the closure cap 3l.

interiorly screw-threaded at 35. Anvil 32'which is of solid metal andrelatively heavy is also cylindrical in shape and is capable of slidingor reciprocal movement within the casing",i and isy pro'- videdY at onend' thereof with anV integralcentrally disposed elongated cylindricalor other suitably shaped boss 32 which isf'of considerablyfre'- duceddiameter-than; the main -bod-y Iof tnej 'anvil 3-2. `Thus, a space "orcompartment 35 is-fformed within the "casing for accommodating the coilspring 33l therein the latter being concentrc with and surrounding thesaidboss 32'" throughout a portion of its length. One end of thecoilspring 33 bears against" the under-side` of the'top of closure cape 3ladjacent anopening 3I therein and through which opening the boss 32projects and slides therein and the otherv end of said'coil spring bearsagainst Ythe main body of 'the anvil at 31. The striking face of theanvil isindicated 'at' 32". Inorder Vto-limit the outwardmovement ofanvil 32, the" casing 3B Vis'ilanged'` inwardly at 30. The thickness ofsaid flange 33 therefore in addition to limiting outward'm'ovement ofthe anvil wi'lldetermine the size, shape, and height ofthe head 51t'obeformed at the 'shank end of the rivet.Y Obviously,'it wouldT bef asiniple matter,

andv it is intended, to replace vcasingjll by* another similarly formedcasing' but havinga flange '3B' of a diiferent thickness and therebyeffect formation of ahead on ajrivetjshank of:y anypredete'lmined size,shape and height.y cap ,cl'os`ure 3| may be knurled or otherwiseroughened at A33 topermit a firm grip by the'us'ery andalso to effectmore or less pressure or c'ompressiononthe coil spring 33, as desired,by simply turningthe cap. Y

The operation or manner of use of myl riveting tool can be deduced by anexplanation of my method of riveting which isasfollows: A rivet,preferably almanuf'actured rivet, having a head alreadyfformed thereonisfin'serted through registered openings C and- 'Di in' loverlapped 5 orsuperimposed sheets or plates A and B. The user then graspslrnv-riveting tool in one hand and holdsa riveting gun in the other handand applies the end C or ends C thereof to the already formed head orheads 5 of said rivet or rivets. Then my riveting tool is held in rmengagement with the shank end of the rivet with the end of the casing lfirmly in engagement with the sheet A and the striking face 4 of anvil 3under spring pressure against the extreme outer end of the shank of therivet or rivets, as the case may be and then by setting the riveting guninto operation the impact delivered by the riveting gun will cause theanvil 3 to rapidly reciprocate or rebound within the casing, in harmonywith the said impact from said riveting gun, and the anvil willconsequently deliver a series of regulated sharp forceful blows to therivet, or a plurality of rivets as the case may be, and cause the shankend of the rivet or rivets to become upset or deformed and form into ahead or heads 5 as shown, the said head or heads 5 having flat tops androunded sides as shown at 5".

The sequence of steps of my riveting method recited herein may betransposed as desired to accomplish a particular and desired rivetjoint, job, or operation. Broadly my method of riveting includes. I' the`steps ofV applying a conventional rivetinggunor similar impactdelivering device tothe already formed head of a conventional rivet andapplyingor holding aYspring-loadedV or similar resilient riveting toolagainst'the' shank end ofthe rivet, then start the operation of theriveting gun` therebyk transmitting the impact delivered by saidriveting gun toI the said' springloaded riveting tool'v which results inrapid reciprocation of an anvil or the like carried by .said tool and;which delivers a series of sharp forceful regulated blows vto` a rivetorrivets which ye'ifec'ts an upsetting ordefo'rmation of the rshankendof the rivet or rivets thereby forming a head' or heads-andfallsu'chrivets so treated resulting in heads -formed thereon beingof a uniform size', diameter, shape and height. f

v'Obviously my riveting tool when in use in'combination withk aconventional rivet gun or 'similar impact delivering device will resultin a'rapid reciprocation of the anvil within the casing caused bytransmission of impact from the riveting gun; and upon each inwardmovement ofthe `anvilthe Vsaid spring will be compressed and the motiveforce of saidspring will' cause the anvil to return and deliverl aseries of sharp forceful regulated blows to the shank end of a rivet orrivets and thereby causing an: upsetting or deformation to form heads onthe said shank ends of rivets and all of vwhich will be uniform in size,shapediamerter and height. I-have shown only the working end C of arivet gun, it being understood that anyY standardzor conventional gun'or similar impact delivering device may* and' can be used'. It ist'o beunderstood further that one or more'wo'rking ends C of' the' rivet guncan be 'used as'de'- sired, depending'upon the circumstances:

t My riveting tool is 'preferably construotedlen'- tirely of metal,butother materials may be used in? whole or inj part, if founddesirable. vIn Figures 1-6, inclusive, I have shown: my tool as beingsquare in-'cross-section anditis to be understood that other'shapes-such as cylindrical, hexagonalyoctagonalorl any other shapes andexterior contours may be resorted to within the scope of'the'claimsappended hereto. Y

:.What'is claimed is:

l. A riveting tool consisting of a hollow casing and rivet head formingmeans including a vstriking face and the latter being movable onlywithin the connes of said casing 2. A riveting tool consisting of ahollow casing and spring-actuated rivet head forming means including astriking face and movable only within the connes of said casing.

3. A riveting tool consisting of a hollow casing and resilientlyactuated rivet head forming means mounted for movement only within theconfines of said casing, the said means eifecting formation of heads ona plurality of individual rivets all of which heads are of uniform size,shape and height.

4. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollowcasing open at one end and closed at its other end, an anvil rivet headforming means including a striking face mounted in said casing andadapted to reciprocate only within the confines of the casing therein,means constantly urging said anvil toward the said open end of saidcasing whereby upon delivery of impact to said anvil the latter willreciprocate and deliver sharp blows to and form heads on rivets.

5. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollowcasing adapted to be held in the hand of the user and being open at oneend'thereof and closed at `its other end,"a1rela, tively heavyanvilrivet head former, including a striking face mounted'in saidcasinghand adapted to reciprocate only within the coniinessofsaid casingand providing a space therein at the closed end thereof, coil springmeans mounted in said space in the casing and having one end thereofengaging the said anvil and its other end engaging the closed end of thecasing,V said spring constantly urging the anvil toward Vthe-said openend of the casing whereby upon delivery ofi impact to said `anvil thelatter will reciprocatesand'rebound to deliver sharp` forceful :blows toand form heads on rivet shanks. 1 p

6. A tool as described Vin Yand by claim `5 including means to limitthemovement of the anvil toward the open end of the casing-1 7. A tooldescribed in and by iclaim 5 includin adjustable'meansto limit themovement ofthe anvil toward the open end of thecasing.

`8. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollowpolygonal casing having-pa polygonal interior and adapted to be held inthe hand of the user and being open at ione end thereof and closed atits other end, a heavy anvil having a polygonall exterior ,contourcomplemental in shape to, mounted in, and adapted for reciprocation onlywithin, the interior confines of said hollow casing and being oflesserdirnensions than said casing interior to provide a space'thereinadjacent its closed end, a coil springmounted in said space with oneendthereof engagingthe said anvil and its other-end engaging-the closedend of the casing, and the saidcoilspring constantly urging the anviltoward the vsaid open n end of the said casing whereby upon delivery ofimpact to said anvil Ithe latter will reciprocate and rebound to deliversharp forceful-blowsv to and form heads on rivet Shanks; 1 f' 9. A toolas described in and by claimf8 including means to limit the movement ofthe anvil toward the open end of the casing. v

10. A tool as described in and by claim 8 including adjustable means tovlimit the movement .of the anvil toward the open end ofthe casing.

11. A tool as describedV inand V.by claim'8 including means to limit themovement of the anvil toward -the vopen end of thecas'ing, said meansconsisting of a set-screwin-threaded en'- gagement with and extendinglaterally through and into the casing and having a bushing on its innerend the latter operating in a rectangular recess in the anvil, the endwall of 4said recess constituting an abutment to limit the said movementof the anvil toward the open end of the casing. v I Y I 12. A tool asdescribed in and by claim 8 includingr means vto limit the movement ofthe anvil toward the open end of the casing, said means consisting of aset-screw in threaded engagement with and extending laterally throughand into the v`casing and having an eccentrically disposedextension atits inner end, abushing mounted concentrically on the said eccentricextension, and the anvil havinga rectangular recessin one face thereofin direct alignmentwith the set-screw and bushing and the latter and itseccentric mounting being disposed within said recess, the end wall ofwhich constitutes an abutment for the bushing to thereby limit themovement of the anvil toward the open end ofthe casing. v

13. A tool as described .in and by claim 5 wherein the open end of thecasing isl flanged inwardly at substantially right angles to the casingand constitutes means tolimit the movement of the anvil toward said openend of the casing.

14. A riveting tool consisting of Va hollow casing, adapted to be heldin the hand of the user, and rivet head forming means including astriking face, and the latter being movable only within the connes ofsaid casing. 1 Y

15. A riveting tool as described in andby claim 14 wherein the diameterof the striking face is such that heads all of-substantially the samesize, shape and height,.will be formed simultaneously on a .plurality ofrivets. i n

16. A rivet tool consisting of a hollow casing, adapted to be held inthe hand of the user, and spring-actuated rivet head forming meansincluding a striking face and movable only within the connes of saidcasing.

17. A riveting tool as described in and by claim 16 wherein the diameterof'the striking face is such that heads all of substantially the samesize, shape and height, will be formed simultaneously on a plurality ofrivets. f

MAX GOLDSTEIN.

